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Autistic identity
Autistic identity is a deeply personal experience involving how individuals identify themselves and the language they use.
This choice is crucial in defining who they are and aligning with their values, creating a sense of self-expression and confidence that significantly impacts how they view themselves and interact with the world. It's important for people to choose their identity and language because it helps them stay true to themselves. Different perspectives on labels exist within and outside the autistic community.
Identity, language, and labels
Personal choice in identity and language is crucial as it defines who we are and aligns with our values. When we are proud of our identity, we stay true to ourselves. No one else can impose an identity on us. However, understanding how the wider community identifies can help us make informed decisions. Many in the autistic community take pride in their autistic identity, as it represents their unique way of thinking, perceiving, and feeling the world.
On the other hand, the autism community, often consisting of neurotypical individuals, tends to prefer person-first language, viewing the person before the disability. This preference can be understood from the perspective of those who have not experienced marginalisation. Marginalisation is common among minority groups, including disabled individuals, people with neurological differences (like autism and dyslexia), people of colour, and the LGBTIQA+ community. These communities take pride in their identities, promoting the message that it is okay to be different.
Understanding autism as a neurodevelopmental and neurological difference is important. It is not something that can be cured, but a way of thinking that allows for diverse ideas. Respecting each individual's choice to embrace or not embrace their autism is essential. The challenges often come from external factors, such as a lack of understanding and unsupportive environments.
Current terminology
Being mindful of language's impact on individuals and communities is important. Different people have different perspectives regarding labels. Within the adult autistic community, a strong cultural connection and bond come with being identified as autistic or neurodivergent.
There are strong arguments for both identity-first (e.g., an autistic person) and person-first language (e.g., a person with autism). Identity-first language should be considered the first choice for empowerment, but individuals' preferences should always be respected.
The terms ‘neurodiverse’ or ‘neurodivergent’ are often used to describe individuals whose neurological development or functioning differs from the typical. These terms are embraced within the autistic community, highlighting the natural variations in how people experience and interact with the world. Neurodivergence includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other neurological differences.
For academic and diagnostic purposes, ASD or autism is preferred over Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). These terms should be used when discussing diagnosis-related issues, not as labels for individuals.
Although Asperger Syndrome was removed from the DSM-5 and brought under the ASD classification, respect those who prefer to be identified with Asperger Syndrome or as Aspie or who have received this diagnosis in the past.
The terms "high-functioning" and "low-functioning" autism can be misleading and divisive. They simplify the autism spectrum, ignoring the diverse experiences of autistic individuals. "High-functioning" can imply someone doesn’t need support, while "low-functioning" can suggest they have no strengths, which isn't true. These labels create stereotypes, affect self-esteem, and lead to unrealistic expectations or underestimation.
Instead of these terms, it’s better to describe specific needs and abilities. For example, saying someone needs support with daily activities or has communication differences is more accurate and respectful. Highlighting specific skills or areas where someone excels while acknowledging where they need help provides a clearer and more respectful understanding of autism.
This term can be used when referring to individuals who are not autistic.
Strengths-based vs. deficits-based language
A strengths-based approach is essential when discussing autism. For example:
- Use neutral terms like neurotypical or typically developing instead of normal or healthy.
- Avoid terms such as ‘suffering from’ or ‘affected by autism.’
- Use co-occurring instead of co-morbid for secondary conditions.
- Employ neutral or positive language when referring to autism characteristics (e.g., communication differences instead of deficits).
Theory of mind
"Theory of mind" refers to the ability to infer others' thoughts, beliefs, and intentions. Autistic individuals often face challenges with this ability, affecting their social communication and self-awareness. However, many autistic people can develop these skills over time, assisting in their self-identity development.
Peer experiences and self-identity
For many autistic individuals, derogatory comments and judgments from peers can negatively impact their self-identity. This often leads to feelings of low self-worth and depression. On the other hand, neurotypical individuals can typically rely on close friends for emotional support and reassurance.
Camouflaging
Some autistic individuals camouflage their social difficulties by imitating others to achieve social acceptance. This can lead to a lack of understanding of their true selves. The development of a true identity often occurs later in life, once they feel safe to express their authentic selves.
The authentic self
When asked about their identity, neurotypical individuals often describe their social roles and personality traits. Autistic individuals are more likely to define themselves by their interests and skills rather than social roles. Removing the social mask and revealing the true self can help reduce depression and anxiety associated with maintaining a false identity.
Promoting positive autistic identity
Research indicates that a positive autistic social identity can protect mental health. Encouraging access to autism advocacy groups focusing on positive traits and strengths can help build a positive identity. Accepting who you are, despite the challenges, is key to personal success.
Autistic identity is a complex and deeply personal part of an individual’s life. It’s important to respect how people choose to identify themselves and the language they use. Focusing on strengths and encouraging a positive autistic identity can greatly improve mental wellbeing and self-worth. Understanding the unique experiences of autistic individuals helps create a more inclusive and supportive community.