What is autism?

Autism, known in medical and clinical settings as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), affects how people communicate and interact with others. It affects how they make sense of the world.

Autism is a developmental condition that is typically lifelong. Autistic people experience difficulties with communication, social interaction, restricted/repetitive interests and behavioural challenges. These difficulties are often accompanied by sensory issues, such as oversensitivity or undersensitivity to sounds, smells, or touch. All of these difficulties may lead to behavioural challenges in some individuals.

The term “spectrum” is used to emphasise that autism presents differently in every single person. Each person on the spectrum is unique and has both strengths and challenges.

Currently, 1 in 70 Australians are autistic. Autism doesn’t discriminate. It impacts every race, country, religion, gender and socio-economic background. 

Understanding the different levels of autism

Autism is often described in terms of levels, which helps better understand the varying support needs of autistic individuals. These levels range from Level 1 to Level 3.

• Level 1: Often referred to as "requiring support," individuals at this level may have difficulties with social interactions and need help with organisation or planning. They might manage ok in day-to-day life but could struggle with tasks that require a lot of social interaction or executive functioning.
• Level 2: Known as "requiring substantial support," these individuals might have more noticeable difficulties with communication and social situations. They may also engage in more repetitive behaviours and require help with daily activities.
• Level 3: This is the highest level of support, often called "requiring very substantial support." Individuals at this level may have severe difficulties with communication, possibly being nonverbal, and they may rely heavily on others for daily activities. They may also exhibit intense, repetitive behaviours, face significant challenges in adapting to change and often experience challenging behaviours.

Understanding these levels helps to appreciate the diverse experiences of autistic people and the varying degrees of support they might need. It’s a reminder that autism is not a one-size-fits-all condition, and each individual’s needs and abilities are different.

What is neurodiversity?

Australian sociologist Judy Singer introduced the concept of neurodiversity in the late 1990s. Neurodiversity suggests that there is no single "right" way for people to think, learn, or behave. Instead, it recognises that there are many different ways of experiencing and interacting with the world and that these differences should not be viewed as deficits.

It’s important to understand that neurodiversity is not a medical diagnosis but rather a sociological concept. It promotes the idea that variations in the human brain are normal and that people should be respected and accepted for who they are, regardless of whether they fall within societal norms. 

Some of the most common conditions that fall under the neurodiversity umbrella include ADHD, Autism and Dyslexia.

Raising awareness and acceptance

When we understand that there is a wide range of ways people experience the world, it becomes easier to create a more inclusive and supportive society. This awareness can break down the misconceptions and stigma that often surround autism, making it easier for autistic individuals and their families to navigate their everyday lives, whether that’s at school, at work or in social situations.

Raising awareness and acceptance of autism is essential to creating a more inclusive and understanding society. When we increase awareness, we help others learn about the realities of autism, breaking down stereotypes and misconceptions that often lead to unnecessary barriers. It's about recognising that autism can present in many different ways, with unique challenges and strengths. But awareness is just the first step; true acceptance goes further. It’s about welcoming and supporting the valuable contributions autistic individuals bring to our communities. This means taking practical steps to make our environments more supportive and accessible, ensuring that autistic people have the same opportunities to thrive in education, work, and social life. Moving from awareness to acceptance benefits those on the spectrum and enriches our society by embracing a broader range of perspectives and experiences.

What to do if you think you or your child are autistic?

If you think your child or you might be autistic, it’s important to start by recognising and understanding the signs and characteristics of autism. Autism is a spectrum, which means it can present in various ways, from differences in social interaction and communication to unique behavioural patterns and a strong attachment to routines or specific interests. Some people may find social situations challenging or have difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, while others might have a hyperfocus on particular topics or activities. 

To help you understand whether you or your child are autistic, it’s important to always seek professional medical help. Consulting with a GP or a healthcare professional who has experience with autism is essential. These professionals can conduct a comprehensive assessment, which might include discussing developmental history, observing current behaviours, and using standardised diagnostic tools. The assessment process is thorough because autism can sometimes be complex to diagnose, particularly if other conditions are present.

An autism diagnosis can open doors to valuable support and resources, such as funding, specialised educational programs, therapies, and community services. It also provides a clearer understanding of how to navigate challenges and leverage strengths, whether for yourself or your child. 

If you are new to autism or want to learn more about how to best support autistic individuals, visit our website Autism: What Next? Whether you are an autistic adult or a parent/carer, 'Autism: What Next?' is filled with evidence-based, practical information and resources to help you navigate the early stages of autism.